Small
And Medium Enterprises
1 1 . The definition of smes
Understanding
small and medium enterprises is the type of economic activity most numerous in
indonesia , but to this day restrictions on small businesses in indonesia still
diverse .Understanding
small in small business is relatively , so as to need no its limit , which
could result in definisi-definisi small businesses of several terms .According
to ( m.tohar , 1999: 2 ) a definition of small businesses of various terms was
as follows:
A. Based on the total assets based on the total
assets, small businesses are entrepreneurs who has a fortune of clean the most
rp 200.000.000,00 ( two hundred million rupiah not include land and building
place open a business.
B. Based on the total net sales per year based
on this small entrepreneurs are entrepreneurs who has the results of the total
net sales per year most rp 1.000.000.000 ( one billion rupiah )
C. Based on status ownership in terms of this,
defined that small businesses is a shaped individual, can are legal entities
and are non-legal entities in which including cooperatives.
2. The development of the total units and labor
in smes
Distribution the number of business
unit according to a scale business and sector menunujukan that on one side ,
smes having of superiority over ub on the farm and on the other can be seen
from the kind of product that made , types of technology and means of
production in wear and production methods in apply smes in indonesia in general
still of business category “ primitive “ .
The importance of smes as one source
of growth employment opportunities in indonesia not only tercerminkan on
condition static is the number of people work in the business group far more
than the absorbed by ub, but but can also be seen on the condition dynamic from
the rate of inflation figure a year higher than on by ub.
Statistics showing the number of
business unit micro small and medium enterprises ( msmes ) of approaching 99,98
% of total business unit in indonesia .While the amount of labor involved
reached 91,8 million people or 97.3 % of all labor indonesia .According to
sharif hasan , cooperatives and smes minister as have been published in a mass
media , if two years ago the number of umkm range 52,8 million business unit ,
so on 2011 has increased to highest amount is collected by million units .Every
umkm the average absorb 3-5 labor .So with the additional about 3 million units
then labor will be employed increase 15 million people .Unemployment expected
decline from 6.8 percent to 5 % with growth the smes .This reflects the role of
smes to economic growth rate having significance enough high for equity
indonesian economy because it had a role many to the sector rill .
Large countries and rich source of
natural resources like indonesia with a population approaching a quarter of a
billion need economic activities which is based on real sector .Private
investment ( including foreign ) it is necessary to directed at investment in
sectors non rill not real .The flow of investment funds in the form of “ hot money” will end up
creating economic growth that is specious and vulnerable to political turmoil
.If it happened then can interfere with the economy the nation as a whole .
3. The value of the
output and added value of
The role of smes in indonesia in form
of contribution from output gdp growth enough besar.kontribusi uk on the
establishment of gdp less than contribution to employment opportunities / the
ratio zero shows that the productivity in the united kingdom lower than in um
and in ub .tingkat productivity measured based on l and k ( pp from tfp: the
productivity in factor-faktor production in total.pasar served um different
markets uk.pasar um many serve people middle-income upward with elasticity income
positif.pasa yangdilayani uk more group buyers low income with elasticity
income negative .
One of alternatives to address this
problem is the utilization of the domestic market in an optimum manner and for
small-scale enterprises and medium enterprises can be the solution .Small
businesses and medium enterprises more absorb the labor force compared to the
formal sector .Because in the formal sector there is a need for special skills
that which is not possessed olh the majority of job seekers .In other words the
condition of skill in this labor often is not in accordance with their
condition skills demanded by the formal sector in general .Based on in addition
to business prospects , smes is a sector which potential in creating added
value .However the fact indicates that that smes not maximum developed , as
evidenced by many of which the lack is hinder smes to thrive .One of the
factors that is a very influential namely in terms of capital ( an investment )
.It has blocked small businesses to increase the scale of the production and
the expansion of scale business . So although potential in job creation , with
some is to be the process of inhibiting employment and business extension .One
of them of the sme sector that has the potential are smes sector food and
beverage industry
This can be seen from the
contribution and the role of smes sector food and beverage industry in
absorbing labor, also has value output and added value of high.In addition smes
food and beverage industry can also optimize the domestic market.To see the
role of smes sector food and beverage industry, so the purpose of this research
is see the role of smes sector food and beverage industry in structure demand,
investment and added value of gross, analyzes rigorous to other sectors, analyzing
impact the spread of between smes the industrial sector foods and drinks other
sectors, and analyzes economic impact inflicted by sme sector food and beverage
industry in improve the absorption of labor based on effect a multiplier (
multiplier ) output, income and labor.The kind of data that used in the is
secondary data from table an input-output smes national 2007 updating matrix of
measuring
Data sources derived from the central
bureau of statistics ( bps ) , the association of food and drink all indonesia
( gapmmi ) , the ministry of cooperatives and small and medium enterprises ,
department of labor and other associated agencies .Methods used to analyzed
data in this research was the method of analysis an input-output and
descriptive analysis .Data processing committed with the assistance of software
microsoft excell 2003 .The results of the study shows that smes sector food and
beverage industry can influence the formation of output sector hulunya
especially the manufacturing sector other an enormous .Investment food and
beverage industry small , medium and large shows a value that very small .This
occurred because most of the smes sector food and beverage industry not yet
bankable ( not eligible relating to bank ) making it difficult to get credit
for the capital increase .
Added value of gross the industrial
sector high , which included food and beverage industry are high .Based on the
results of the analysis entanglement either directly or indirectly , food and
beverage industry small , medium and large has links back greater than the
entanglement in the future .This is because food and beverage industry small ,
medium and large has links with strong hulunya sector those industries other
manufacturing an enormous .Value entanglement next low caused by the use of the
output of food and beverage industry small , medium and large more consumed
directly by households than used as input between by other production sector .
4. Export
In addition to export its
contribution on the growth of employment opportunities and as one of an
important source of income , smes in indonesia also highly expected because it
has a great potential as one important source of development ( diversified ) and
the growth of x , especially x manufacturing .The ability of indonesian smes to
realize the potential x-nya determined by a combination of a number of factors
the relative prominence owned indonesian smes over pesaing-pesaingnya , is
working within the country and overseas .In the context of economic
international trade , of understanding out of the relative prominence can be
approached with superiority komperatif .
Excellence komporatif owned uk
indonesia especially it is labor-intensive and indonesia has the number of l a
great, skill “ traditional “ owned small businesses
and workers in mambuat the product is mainly goods craft ( which is skill the
community that already owned longer than generation to generation ), and the
raw materials that abundant ( especially of agricultural products ).
Unfortunately uk in indonesia is
still relatively weak especially in human resources in appeal management ,
marketing , production process modern or more advanced ( out production
traditionally ) , innovation and command of new technology .When smes do export
activities or having export potentials , it determined from factors superior
indonesian smes over pesaing-pesaingnya .One of the factors superior indonesian
smes been the availability of of natural resources and can be used as a default
or input .But , indonesian smes are very low in factors human resources .This
closely related to business development and insight about marketing a product
and management the process and the use of the product of a smes .
5. The prospect of smes in the era of free trade
and globalization the world
Face free competition , medium
enterprises is much more ready viewed from the perspective of human resources ,
scale business and their ability to do innovation and limited access to markets
.On the way improving our smes , tends to guidance small businesses , while
improving our medium enterprises as if forgotten .Business development policy
for medium enterprises not lean on one government regulation as an umbrella
policy , and in cedar business development , there are still grey area in the
development of medium enterprises
One
of a strategy to increase the working performance and role of smes in a free
market and overcome existing gap , is to grow medium enterprises strong in
building the structure industry .Business development strategy this middle practical
many forgotten in line with less diperhatikannya entity and position medium
enterprises for the economic growth and in the development of sme policy .
Though the role of medium business is
lower than that of small businesses .But by taking into account the strategic
position of excellence and that she had , medium business worthy to be driven
as an engine the development of sme in free competition .This is because the
potential of technology and human resources is higher than on small scale
businesses .Further writer revealed that by the occurrence of a shift in
economic order of the world on free competition , it can be said that small and
medium businesses face a situation that is both double squeze namely the
situation coming from internal side in the form of the lack of productivity ,
efficiency and innovation; and the situation coming from external pressure
.With the existence of two phenomena above that need to be considered is a
matter of the disparity business structure and gap big business with small and
medium enterprises .
In economic development in indonesia
smes always described as sectors have an important role , because most of the
population educated low and live in the activities of small good traditional
disektor and modern .The role of business that little to be the included in any
planning stages development managed by two departments
1. The department of industry
and trade
2. The department of
cooperatives and sme
However
business development that have been conducted by still not satisfactory the
results , in fact progress smes very small compared to progress already
achieved big business .The implementation of the wisdom smes by the government
for new order , a few carried out , more only is the motto of just , so the
results are very dissatisfied .The government had in favor of large companies
almost all these sector , among other: trade , banking , forestry , agriculture
and industry .
In the face of competition in the days of the
era of globalization are being rolled 2014 , smes of the republic of indonesia
are required to restructure and reorganization for the purpose of meet consumer
demand that became more specific , change quickly , great quality products ,
and the prices cheap .One efforts to be made smes is through cooperation with great
effort .Awareness of this cooperation has given birth to the concept of supply
chain management ( scm ) in the 1990s .Supply chain basically is a companies
that together working on creating and sent a product into the hands of the
wearer the end .The importance of friendship , allegiance , and the mutual
trust between the an industry that each other to create a market without a
competitor , which then gave rise to the concept of blue ocean strategy.
Daftar pustaka :
contoh kasus :
Smes threatened out of business if
the rupiah continue to soften
Monday
august 26 2013 16 52 gmt
Sindonews.com -- small and medium
enterprises or businesses that rely on 60 percent material import , threatened
out of business when rupiah translucent in figures rp12,000 per a united states
dollar ( usd ) .
Head of the indonesian national
importers ( ginsi ) of java west, joseph suhyar said, industry most to suffer
those who use the scheme a term of contract short between 1-2 months.While
people using the scheme contract trade long-term at least six months, can were
saved.Honey, an industry that use the scheme a term of contract short enough
numerous.
' in west java , quite a lot were
doing contract short-term trade .Ranging from textile and textile product tpt )
( , the chemical industry , and other .They are very vulnerable to over their
business continuity , ' he said in bandung , monday ( 8 / 26 / 2013 ) .The
industry , he said , bear kurugian lot due to not the stable tuka the value of
the rupiah and usd .Unfortunately , it is not a bit of business doers that have
the potential to have been affected by a weakening of rupiah is sme
practitioners .
This sector is considered joseph
have a tremendous potential out of business if the rupiah to weaken .They , it
was feared that could not afford to buy the raw material imports , and choose
gone out of business .He claims , if the rupiah stable not the visits of , his
side afraid of possible retarding imports .Despite is difficult to predict ,
his side were not the existence of an estimate of evasive about the occurrence
of retarding ekspor-impor west java about 15 percent .
Analysis
smes
threatened out of business because a weakening of rupiah and usd so as to hold
menggalami the sme products and could not afford to buy raw materials import
